Social Biases in Our Society an Example by

Social Biases in Our Society Just how powerful can social bias be in influencing a persons thoughts and his actions? Are social injustices such as discrimination, stereotyping, and prejudice enough for a person to decide against his morals to commit a crime, or even a murder? Perhaps the incident involving a 15-year old in March of 2001 will prove to be sufficient for an answer. Need essay sample on "Social Biases in Our Society" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Charles Williams, of Santee, California, shot to death two of his high school classmates and wounded 13 others, in a shooting later confirmed as related to hate crimes by the authorities (Anti-Defamation League, 2001, p. 2). As stated by his classmates during an investigation, they had said that Charles, a skinny and short freshman, was often the attention of ridicules and bullies of the other guys. People Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online? Essay writers recommend: Things Go Better with Our Experts In a study by the National Education Association, they have found out that majority of the hate crimes are committed by those twenty years old and younger. In a particular study NEA had done in Chicago in 1992, it was revealed that in over 534 cases of hate crimes, 60% were committed by the said age-group (ADL, 2001, p. 2). In the apparent search for answers to this tragic reality, we are left to question the reasons for the proliferation in our culture of these social biases, which causes the most numbers of fatal hate crimes being committed by the youth. Social Biases The Anti-Defamation League defines discrimination as, the denial of justice and fair treatment by both individuals and institutions in many areas, such as employment, education, housing, banking, and political rights (ADL, 2001, p. 9). Its false ideals are founded on the superiority of a certain race, religion, or social class against another or a group of others belonging to a certain class. It can be observed evidently on the various sectors of society, be it in schools, corporations, politics, even in some restaurants, and in other institutions. Prejudice is basically pre-judging; according to ADL, it may be defined as making a decision about a person or group of people without sufficient knowledge. Prejudicial thinking is frequently based on stereotypes (ADL, 2001, p. 9). An example would be how a society, in general, treats ex-convicts with mistrust, and the seeming prejudice of the general society to all criminally-accused as already-proven guilty. Another form of bias as defined by the ADL is stereotype; it is the oversimplified generalization on a person or a group of people without regard for individual differences. Even seemingly positive forms of this can have negative consequences (ADL, 2001, p. 9). An evident form of this type is the stereotyping of people wearing eyeglasses as nerds; another is the stereotyping of those who excel in sports as being unintelligent. Subtle and Blatant Bias A thin line separates subtle than that of a blatant bias. Its meanings share a common ground in its tenet and practice, that making a distinct separation would prove taxing. However, certain conditions make the distinction clear enough for us to make comparisons, and delve deeper into these two topics. Subtle bias often functions in the unconscious level. People experiencing this show signs of sympathy to the aggrieved parties, are supportive of the ideas of equality, and consider themselves as non-biased people. However, they also bear ill feelings towards other minority groups. This type of bias is believed to be common with most of the well-educated American whites in the United States (Loewenstein, p. 1), as compared to the blatant type of bias which is characterized by direct and overt expressions of discrimination. A study done on this topic revealed that, a bystander who is the lone witness to an accident will help the victim regardless of his race. However, when there are multiple witnesses to the accident, he would be less likely to help the victim if he is of a different race (Loewenstein, p. 1). People who are victims of bias will tend to be less productive than what they are actually capable of achieving. There is an absence of a feeling of acceptance to a particular group where he belongs, resulting from covert and often overt manifestations of other peoples hatred towards the person belonging to a minority. This situation at times results in violent and fatal reactions from the individual, as we have witnessed with Charles Williams, when the person is driven to the limits of his temperament and personal morals (ADL, 2001, p. 2). Authorities have suggested a means of overcoming bias in society: through ways aimed at the root causes both at the individual and group levels. At an individual level, techniques may be aimed at the incognizant level, by ways such as broad-ranging educational guides to construct new, anti-bias preconceptions towards a social group, such as Blacks, Hispanics, etc. The introduction of such new anti-bias associations, plus the awareness of their propensity for discrimination had been shown to encourage self-regulatory progressions that would eventually result in, with ample time and experience, the lessening of negative values and mind-sets (Loewenstein, p. 3). On a group level, the use of the Common In-Group Identity Model had shown potentials of eliminating prejudiced thinking. In this technique, members from various social classes are grouped into a single ordinate core, thus eliminating the they and replacing it with we perceptions (Loewenstein, p. 3), hence discouraging the contributing factors to various forms of bias, discrimination, and racism. References 101 Ways to Combat Prejudice (2001). Anti-Defamation League. New York, New York 10017 U.S.A: Anti-Defamation League. Loewenstein, H. Aversive Racism-Subtle Bias, Combating Aversive Racism. Encyclopedia jrank.com.

Mandatory Drug Tests essays

Mandatory Drug Tests essays Should drug tests be given before a person is hired for a job? Yes, they should. Take a teacher for instance. Before a teacher is hired he or she would have a drug test in order to make a students parents feel secure about sending them to school, set a better example for the children, and relieve other staff members about drugs being used around them. Although the teacher may be completely qualified for his or her job, a drug test should still be taken because one wouldnt feel secure about sending his or her child to a place where drugs are possibly being used. A teacher at a local high school was using drugs and a parent took his child out of that school. If a drug test were to be taken in order to get the job, then one would feel safe and secure about sending his or her child to that school. Even though one may be highly qualified and professional about his or her job, it would set a better example to have a drug test before one was hired. The school where the teacher used drugs was looked down on. However, a school that did require a drug test was highly praised. It was a very good example for young adults and children. Because other staff members would feel better about drugs not being used around them, drug tests should be taken. One must take a test in order for others to be certain of a drug-free environment. A teacher once said, If the teachers arent using drugs, then they dont have anything to worry about. This is very true. A drug test not only would make a parent feel secure about sending his or her child to a drug-free environment, but would also set a good example and relive co-workers about drugs being used around them. Not only should this be required for teachers but for anyone that applies for any kind of job. This would set a better example for the world. ...

Ming Dynasty Emperors of China

Ming Dynasty Emperors of China The Ming Dynasty is famous world-wide for its graceful blue-and-white glazed porcelains, and for the voyages of Zheng He and the Treasure Fleet. The Ming were also the only ethnically Han Chinese family to rule the empire between 1270 and the end of the imperial system in 1911. This list includes the Ming emperors given names and their reign-names, as well as their years in power. Â   Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor, 1368-1398Zhu Yunwen, the Jianwen Emperor, 1398-1402Zhu Di, the Yongle Emperor, 1402-1424Zhu Gaochi, the Hongxi Emperor, 1424-1425Zhu Zhangji, the Xuande Emperor, 1425-1435Zhu Qizhen, the Zhengtong Emperor, 1435-1449 and 1457-1464Zhu Qiyu, the Jingtai Emperor, 1449-1457Zhu Jianshen, the Chenghua Emperor, 1464-1487Zhu Youtang, the Hongzhi Emperor, 1487-1505Zhu Houzhao, the Zhengde Emperor, 1505-1521Zhu Houcong, the Jiajing Emperor, 1521-1566Zhu Zaihou, the Longqing Emperor, 1566-1572Zhu Yijun, Wanli Emperor, 1572-1620Zhu Changluo, the Taichang Emperor, 1620Zhu Youjiao, the Tianqi Emperor, 1620-1627Zhu Youjian, the Chongzhen Emperor, 1627-1644 Â   For more information, see the List of Chinese Dynasties.

Industry Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Industry Analysis - Term Paper Example Toyota Motor Corporation is one of those firms. The other top firms are Ford Motor Company, General Motors Company and Honda Motor Company. The automobile industry has been through a number of revolutions starting with standardized mass production which was instigated by Henry Ford; the second which was designed by Alfred Sloan included the organizational ‘creation of the Corporation with multi-product divisions emphasizing marketing and branding;’ the third revolution was created by Eiji Toyoda of Toyota Motor Corporation which focused on lean manufacturing and the development of quality (Maxton and Wormald 2005). The automobile is one of the most important industries in the world in terms of its contribution to GDP; it uses large steel and glass and consumes a high percentage of the world’s oils (Maxton and Wormald 2004). In addition to the transportation of people to various locations in order to facilitate various activities, it has also contributed to the fle xibility of the human race in terms of the transportation of goods for consumption and production. However, automobiles have lead to million of casualties on our roads, pollution of the environment, depletion of natural resources and global warming (Maxton and Wormald 2004). These have gained significant attention and have led to increasing legislation. The automobile industry is also very capital intensive due to the complex nature of the automobile. ... Some of Toyotas well known models are the Corolla in the compact range; Camry in the sedan range; Land Cruiser in the SUV category; the Lexus line in the luxury line; Celica in the sports line; the Tundra in the truck line; and the Coaster in the bus line. The Toyota Camry has been the best selling motor vehicle in America for 13 of the last 14 years (Toyota Motor Corporation). The Camry has won a number of awards 2.0 Analysis of the Industry Porter’s Five Forces model can be used to analyze the environment in the automobile industry. Porter indicates that there are five forces in an industry environment which work together to determine profitability and attractiveness in the long run. The five forces will assist firms like Toyota Motor Corporation determine their strength and competitive position. Walton (1999) indicates that a firm can be effective strategically once it can manipulate the forces in a way that is favorable to it. The more it does so the more it will achieve i ts goals. The five competitive forces in Porter’s Five Forces model are: the threat of substitutes; barriers to entry; rivalry in the industry; bargaining power of suppliers; and bargaining power of customers. The model is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 – Porter’s Five Forces Model 2.1 Threat of new substitutes A substitute is anything that is able to serve as replacement. In this case it specifically relate to anything that will help in transporting goods and people. There are a number of options available to customers who want to move from one place to another. They include bicycles and bikes for people travelling short distances. Bicycles are cheaper as they do not require fuel. However, they take

Mass communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mass communication - Essay Example Moreover, the analysis will consider the two pertinent arguments that seek to define the ways in which the media and culture interact with society. For such a purpose, it is necessary to view â€Å"the media† as a solitary entity rather than a conglomerate of multi-dimensional pieces. Although such a definition is somewhat simplistic, it is one of the only ways that such a broad topic can be attempted to be researched and answered in such a brief piece. Firstly, many scholars have sought to portray the way in which the media interacts with and defines culture as a mechanism by which one is forcefully shaping the other in a way that exhibits the strength and power of one over the other. This approach has been used by many to draw a level of inference with respect to the ways in which the media has a direct or indirect effect in attempting to mold and direct the shape of a given culture (Salomon 1997, p. 379). As such, this interpretation necessarily takes the view that the medi a is somehow operating in a type of vacuum and has the strength to both mold and shape the beliefs, attitudes, and norms/mores of society in which it interacts. Although this can to a large extent be realized to be partially true, the fact of the matter is that the media is itself integrally tied to the concept and understanding of culture. In this way, it cannot be fully understood to be a foreign force that is acting upon culture as a means to influence it. However, to the credit of those that espouse such a view of the media, it should be understood that recent changes and direction in the media actually helps to add a degree of credence to such a worldview. Years past, the media itself was a massive conglomeration of different firms and interests that could be divided amongst radio, television, movie industry, newspaper, magazine, entertainers, production entities etc. However, there has been a definite and pronounced trend within the past 30-40 years to have what can only be de fined as a more integrated representation of the media within our world. This is not the result of some sinister plot to control the minds and culture of our current society; rather, it is merely the fact that the media industries are like any other business and seek to continually differentiate themselves and seek out new opportunities, reduce competition, and open themselves to new markets and new consumers of their products. As a means to earn more profits and generate a higher degree of market share, mergers have been a trend within the media industries for the better part of the past several decades. As such, the aforementioned groups that make up the media industry within the world have become more and more related; thereby creating a situation in which but a handful of dominant media firms seemingly dictate multiple sectors of the media. This has caused many people to assume that due to the non-penetration of free market players into the industry it necessarily means that the media as such has a powerful and monopolistic effect on interacting with and defining culture (Mallia 2011, p. 33). However, as will be analyzed in the proceeding section, such an approach is somewhat narrow-minded. Due to the fact that each of these media sectors ultimately seeks to operate in the same way that any firm would (i.e. to generate profits), the behavior of the entity is not unpredictable or

The Solid Agricultural Company Essay Example for Free

The Solid Agricultural Company Essay There are at least as many styles of management as there are managers; nevertheless, most management styles fall into one of a few broad categories. Every manager’s style includes some means of making decisions and some means of relating to subordinates. Below are the five most common management styles. Autocratic: Autocratic or authoritarian managers lead unilaterally. They make decisions based on their own opinions and experience without taking the opinions of subordinates into account. Although authoritarian managers do not tend to be popular with employees, they make decisions quickly and efficiently. On the other hand, if an autocratic manager makes an error, the lack of input from others can make the consequences severe. Autocratic management tends to be successful in industries that rely on unskilled workers and have plenty of turnover, such as food service and retail. Highly skilled and personally motivated employees tend to chafe under this type of management. Consultative: Like autocratic managers, consultative managers make decisions more or less unilaterally. Unlike autocratic managers, these leaders prioritize communication with employees and take their needs into account alongside the needs of the business. Consultative management still allows the manager to make decisions efficiently; in addition, the emphasis on employee interaction tends to increase employee loyalty and reduce turnover. However, employees tend to become highly dependent on their manager. Consultative managers tend to be most successful in businesses that hope to retain employees for long periods of time. Many of the best office managers use this style. Persuasive: Persuasive managers maintain control over every aspect of the business indirectly. Instead of giving orders, these managers operate by explaining why tasks need to be carried out in a certain way. Employees tend to feel more involved in the decision-making process under this style; nevertheless, ultimate authority still rests with the manager alone. Persuasive management is a particularly helpful style when complicated tasks need to be carried out in the workplace. However, managers who rely too heavily on explaining every task in detail may see their businesses slow to a crawl. Democratic: While a persuasive manager explains every aspect of the decision-making process to his subordinates, a democratic manager actually includes his subordinates in the process. Democratic management relies heavily on two-way communication between management and employees. This style is particularly helpful when a decision requires specialized knowledge that the manager lacks; for instance, when making an IT-related decision, a manager may need to ask an IT specialist for input. Including employees in decision-making tends to improve job satisfaction and reduce turnover. Relying on employee input for every decision, though, can greatly reduce the efficiency of the business. Laissez-faire: In a â€Å"hands-off† management style, the manager acts as a motivator, mentor and guide to his subordinates. Individual employees manage their own sections of the business with minimal supervision. Perhaps surprisingly, this management style demands the most personal skill from the manager: If he can effectively communicate a strong vision for the business and guide his subordinates with broad expertise, a laissez-faire manager can bring out the best in his workers. Highly professional, self-motivated employees, such as salesmen and engineers, can benefit greatly from this style. Although most managers tend to fall into one of these five categories, the most successful mangers can draw from several styles depending on the situation. Within a single office, some circumstances may call for an autocratic decision, others may call for democratic involvement from subordinates and still others may require a hands-off approach. Managers who make an effort to learn all five styles can succeed in any setting.

Personal Writing: Devon :: essays research papers

Personal Writing: Devon I walked into the smoke filled coffee shop to meet Devon. Devon is 18 years old, a senior in high school. He likes art and is currently taking college art classes. I have only meet Devon once before, in the mall. He caught my eye because he was wearing a pink fuzzy sweater, a pair of army pants, and a pair of combat boots. I looked for Devon at the coffee shop but he wasn't there. I was 20 minutes early so I took a seat next to a small round table. The only thing on the table was an ashtray. I could see the smoke lingering from the top of the dim lit room. The door opened and Devon walked in. This time he was dressed in all black with a pair of bright red shoes on. He walked confidently, slouched over with a slight strut. He waved at some people in the corner booth and smiled, the people waved back and yelled, "Hay, Devon." As he looked in my direction I waved at him to get his attention. When he reached the table I shook his hand and introduced myself. He introduced himself "Hi my name is Devon." He sat down on the other side of the small table. Devon is well known in the coffee shop. He goes to the coffee shop about 3 times a week and tries to meet someone new every time he goes. He is really nice and it's not hard for him to make friends. Almost everyone in the shop know who he is. If he sees someone he doesn't know he'll go up and talk to them. Devon told me why he dressed the way he does, "I do it to show people that everyone is different and to like them for who they are." Devon does not take a look at anybody and judge them for that one look. When he meets someone he automatically likes them, once he gets to know them he makes his decision not to like them if that's the case. As Devon lit up a cigarette and took a puff he told me about some of his life. "I haven't dressed like this all of my life. One day I got all wet when my family went to the lake. I put on a pair of my dad's clothes and the were big and baggy on me. As we pulled in the driveway to our house one of my friends saw me and told me I looked like a freak.

Building a Business

The concept of dating and matchmaking has evolved since the dawn of the technological age. With the emergence of the Internet and the World Wide Web, people have been trying to adapt their lifestyle according to the concept of the internet. Electronic messaging and online chatting enabled business organizations to establish online dating services for people who for some important reasons are always hooked up to the internet having no time or perhaps, really unable to build up romantic relationships in the real world. Online dating services such as eHarmony, match.com, Yahoo! Personals, American Singles, etc. reinvent the face of dating and matchmaking by allowing online users to become members of their company with the promise of finding the right match for a romantic relationship. The good thing about online dating is that people can choose who they want to get to know better just by looking at personal profiles posted with pictures, personal interests and hobbies, etc. However, mee ting someone through the internet takes time and communication is limited within the range of the computer.Moreover, people can easily pretend to be someone they are not, without anyone knowing. (Dunn) Although competing against these reputable and conventional online dating services is far-fetched because of their worldwide popularity and established client base, other dating alternatives such as dating through the phone are still more convenient and personal. Why should we spend our time sitting in front of the computer waiting for online dating services to pick out people who are compatible with our profiles?The thing is even if online dating services generate a list of thousands of people who are compatible with our profiles, are we going to spend our time getting to know all these people, when time and effort should be spent on building a stable relationship that will last longer? Dating by phone is the closest alternative to personal dating. People can speak directly to each o ther without limits. Moreover, personal communication allows people to communicate clearly and talk about everything they are thinking of.Conversing through phone is also easier and more convenient because people are able to talk through their mobile phones while at the same time go around for other chores or activities that they want to attend. The concept of dating by phone sprang up because it seems like everyone is looking for love. If we watch television, read magazines, or just to talk to other people we know, there will always be a topic or theme about dating, matchmaking, love, relationships, and even marriage. Although there are many other phone-dating services online, such as MegaMates. com, tango personals, Live links, etc.there are still other additions and improvements that can be done in order to reinvent the existing phone-dating services available at present. The concept of dating by phone shall be established by developing a phone dating service company. It shall st art as a small company that will be made available online, by telephone and mobile phone, or by personal membership, not only in a particular country but also internationally. The company shall be called â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love,† starting up with a small staff that handles personal membership, phone calls for subscriptions, and sales and advertising.People who are interested to become a member have the option to visit the company to fill up membership forms and finally for an audio recording over their profile that shall be available for match seekers who subscribe to the company as well. For callers, an 1800 number shall be made available for them. Once they call the company, they shall be asked to prompt in details such as being a first time user, answering of survey questions and audio recording their profile by phone as well.Online users who visit the website and are interested to join as members are able to fill up forms over the internet and send audio record ing of their profile or to call the number of the company if they are unable to do the recording through the computer. The profiles answered through the forms and the surveys shall be kept in a single database in the computer for future reference and for matchmaking purposes. Once the company finds a match, members shall receive a call in order to listen to the audio recording of the matched person on the other line.If the person wants to get to know the other person on the line, the personal number shall be given so they can start conversing after the first call. Members can also choose to receive a list of compatible people with their profile. They can choose whose audio recorded profile to listen to and whose number to call. If the other person agrees to communicate with them, then they will start up a two-way conversation over the phone. The good thing about this concept is it leans toward the human element of personal communication. Listening to the other person speak allows pe ople to understand and get to know what kind the other person is.In contrast, reading profiles over online dating services is impersonal and ambiguous. â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love† is different from all other phone-dating services available online for people who are looking to establish romantic relationships. The usual phone dating services are only existent online and profiles are seen only through the internet, numbers to call are made available directly to them. â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love† aims to make phone dating services more personal by allowing members to do audio recording messages of their profiles, and communication is simply done by calling. This medium becomes more personal.Moreover, the company wishes to incorporate new mobile phone technologies available nowadays. The company operates for both telephones and mobile phones. To make it more personal the company plans to team up with mobile phone providers and service network providers such as AT&T, Nokia, Samsung, T-Mobile, Cingular, etc. to make â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love† services more personal and closer to face-to-face interaction. The company plans to offer personalized telephone units and mobile phones from these companies directly to members for advertising purposes and to get large companies to invest in the business.Selling phones and mobile phones from mobile phone companies allows users to purchase a phone, which is directly connected, to â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love. † For instance, just pressing the numbers 1-4-3 directly connects the caller to the voice mailbox for new messages from the company and their phone-dates. The 3G technology is also popular nowadays. Selling mobile phones with 3G technology and telephones with screens for live phone chats allows callers to see whom they are speaking to. (â€Å"3G Phones†) This is a great way to improve the usual phone dating service available for people.Aside from talking to t heir phone-dates, members may also get to see them. All they have to do is to purchase 3G phones manufactured by popular mobile phone companies that are tied up with â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love† in order to get full services from the company. Perhaps, partnership with mobile phone companies will allow them to produce a â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love† mobile phone edition, maybe packed with â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love† logos, wallpapers and ring tones with love themes, or mobile phones with red or pink casings, etc. This is a good form of advertising both for mobile phone companies and â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love.† Partnership with service network providers such as T-Mobile or Cingular will follow the same concept. For online advertising, teaming up with search engines such as Google or Yahoo! , like what T-mobile have done (Boswell). Once an online website is established over the Internet, teaming up with search engines allows the company to be visible for online users. Once online users search for tags such as love, dating, relationships, marriage, etc. the search engine will generate â€Å"Let’s Talk About Love† website as one of the top results.Of course, banner advertisements and pop-ups is also a good way to advertise over the internet. Works Cited â€Å"3G Phones. † 2008. Retrieved from three-g. net. 27 Apr. 2008 . Boswell, Wendy. â€Å"T-Mobile and Google Team Up. † 30 Jul. 2005. Retrieved from About, Inc. 27 Apr. 2008 . Dunn, Susan. â€Å"The Pros and Cons of Dating Online. † 2007. Retrieved from SelfGrowth. com. 27 Apr. 2008 .

Commentator on the human condition Essay

Michael Leunig is a commentator on the human condition who uses simple, short cartoons to express his ideas to the public. In The Plotter, he conveys the message that society operates in a created sense of urgency. The idea is that the majority of the people believe that acting too slowly upon seeing an opportunity means there will be no other chances of success later on and thus must move quickly. Another idea that arises in The Plotter is that life is a journey and not a destination. This is all shown using intriguing techniques in his interesting and comical cartoon that captures its viewers. The episode starts out with an individual character walking towards the left slowly followed by the screen. Every step is taken with precision, taking about the same amount of time for each step to land, and this is emphasised by the musical beat of the background. The music is motion-toned as the pitch rises as a hurrying man runs from right to left, passing the individual. As the man runs past he calls out † â€Å", and the individual’s response is † † After this, the pitch is lowered again and the individual continues walking slowly. Only in a matter of seconds, a lady comes running by in the same direction and as she passes she yells † † to which he replies † â€Å". One by one, people run past him trying to condemn and mock the leisurely individual for not conforming, however, the individual remains unhurt by their sayings and repeats pleasant words as an answer to the runners. The technique of dialogue and its setting out is very important. It tells the viewer that the individual thinks in his own ways, not conforming to the society that believes in the created sense of urgency. This individual has his own objective in life and wants to live by experiencing everything slowly while others try to make him keep in touch with the real world hence the call â€Å"you wont know whats happening, you wont be clever. † Visual techniques used by Michael Leunig to deliver his ideas include colour, foreground/backgrounding and body language. The colour of the background is natural, with the sky in blue and the ground in green as grass usually is. This use of natural colour has connotations to the natural instincts of human beings and thus links with the issue that Leunig suggests. The colour of the people running in the background is darker than the individual who stands in the foreground, possibly containing the meaning of evil in the runners, who together represent the majority of the world. The foregrounding of the individual and the backgrounding of the runners signifies the individual over the other people, as if criticising the world in the background and using the individual character to portray the world that should be as it always is with Michael Leunig’s works. The posture and body language of the characters in The Plotter is organised so that the individual is slightly hunched showing the person’s humbleness while the runners are portrayed standing tall and strong showing false confidence. Through these techniques, Michael Leunig illustrates a simple and interesting story with deep meaning,

Action of Barbituates Essays

Action of Barbituates Essays Action of Barbituates Essay Action of Barbituates Essay Homework Assignment Chapter 4 Addiction Studies (BHHS) Sherman Howard 1. Describe, the action of Barbiturates. They reduce sensory sensitivity to pleasure or pain. Replace’s the need for sex, food and emotional involvement. 2. Describe the action of benzodiazepines and their withdrawal symptoms. Benzodiazepines are minor tranquilizers; they cause dopamine levels to surge producing a pleasurable sensation. Withdrawal involves seizures, convulsions, and even death. 3. What is the biggest danger with drug synergism when using two depressant drugs? Overdose! 4. What is a paradoxical reaction to tranquilizers? Becoming more active instead of calmer. 5. Why is withdrawal so life threatening for alcohol and the barbiturates? Both can lead to Seizures and death. 6. Who is the hidden addict? An unborn Fetus can be, if the mother is an addict. ______________________________________________________________________________ Part Two: 1. What is the approximate percentage of alcohol in beer? Wine? Whiskey? Beer5% Wine15% Whiskey45% 2. What does BAC stand for? Blood Alcohol Concentration. 3. Describe the processing of alcohol from digestion to absorption. 0% is absorbed by the stomach the remaining 80% is absorbed in the small intestines. 4. What is alcohol effect on digestion and liver? Alcohol can stop digestion and increase hydrochloric acid production. Alcohol also causes a drop in blood sugar which can lead to a hypoglycemic state. 5. Name some factors that often predict alcoholism? Poor learning ability, poor judgment, short-term memory is aff ected. 6. After frequent high dose use†¦ which is more dangerous: immediate alcohol withdrawal or immediate heroin withdrawal? Alcohol is more immediate. Sherman Howard

An Examination Of Albert Einsteins Early Years

An Examination Of Albert Einstein's Early Years One of the greatest heroes of American(and international) science and culture in the past century has been German physicist Albert Einstein. Born in 1879, Einstein used his early years to educate himself and began to think up his own methods for solving his newly found inquiries into science and higher-level mathematics. In a short time during the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein pulled together his research and incredible intellect for unprecedented gains in science and theory used throughout the world. One need not go far to view the incredible impact that innovative genius Albert Einstein has had upon the twentieth century. His impact stretches far beyond the reaches of physics and life in the early 1900s. This physicist of phenomenal philosophy, logic, and imagination has been and still is the subject of countless catch phrases and expressions of intelligence. Albert Einstein is a forerunner of influential American icons. Because of his contribution to American science and society as an immigrant, intellectual accomplishments, and discoveries in nuclear technology, it is my belief that Albert Einstein was the most influential person of the twentieth century. First of all, Albert Einstein was the most important figure of the twentieth century because of his contribution to American science and society as an immigrant. This is foremost important because of the U.S.s status as the premier nation of the world. Albert Einstein has had one of the greatest ever influences upon the American way of life. He is responsible for many of the most famous scientific and philosophical standards used in America today. He was born in Germany in 1879, but Albert did not come to America until 1933, when he feared for his life and fled from Nazi Germany. It was at this time that he was at his greatest fame.(PBS 1) He then began his work for the United States. His discoveries have impacted all facets of American culture. The sophisticated Special Theory of Relativity in physics that he created models the behavior of the entire universe. As stated on Nova, General Relativity has spawned the most important results in modern astronomy.(Levenson 4) Perhaps his largest contribution to America, Albert Einstein played a role in preserving American power. Einstein provided the biggest contribution to American science, setting most precedents for scientific study and standards. He evoked theories then thought radical and was then able to prove them and have since been followed. Albert Einstein catapulted into a revolution for U.S. defense as well as higher intellectual thought and goal-setting. After all, there have been many revolutions in the vast field of science, but that of Einstein has become the most famous. Albert Einsteins work was vastly important Sadly, his revolution has been taken for granted by this generation. Einstein was a visionary, a new mind that saw through the limitations of his day. Without Albert Einsteins research into motion and relativity theory, there would be no quantum theory or MRI for medical research. Einsteins reach extends through every fiber of American independence and ingenuity. Albert Einstein epitomizes even today the cutting edge of technology. As Genius Among Geniuses states, From 1905 to 1925, Einstein transformed humankinds understanding of nature on every scaleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Now, nearly a century after he began to make his mark, we are still exploring Einsteins universe. The problems he could not solve remain the ones that define the cutting edge, the most tantalizing and compelling.(Levenson 5) In addition, Albert Einstein was so important because of his intellectual accomplishments. He is considered by most to be an incredible genius. Einstein had a knack for inventive ideas. Imagination thrilled him more so than science. Of this matter, Albert said, When I examine myself and my methods of thought, I come to the conclusion that the gift of fantasy has meant more to me than my talent for absorbing positive knowledgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world.(Knowledgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 1) Einstein leapt into the vast expanses of physics and accomplished more in that short period of time than had ever been discovered before. While trying to hold down a job at the patent office, he was busy working on physics on his own. He developed his extremely famous Special Theory of Relativity(which states that measurements of time and distance vary systematically as one object moves relative to another), proving Newton wrong. In March, Einstein creates the quantum theory of light, followed by two papers in Apri l and May on atom size and motion(proving that atoms exist), and then completes Special Relativity in June.(Levenson) Amazing, but thats not all. This incredible outbreak of study is compounded by the daddy of them all. Yes, the world-renowned E=MC2, the most famous relationship in science. So many amazing discoveries, and the magnitude of any of them would be astounding for someone in any field. All of this sprang forth from the mind of Einstein in one year! It is best phrased by PBS associate Thomas Levenson: In sum-an amazing outburst: Einsteins 1905 still evokes awe. Historians call it annus mirabilis, the miracle year. Einstein ranges from the smallest scale to the largest (for special relativity is embodied in all motion throughout the universe),through fundamental problems about the nature of energy, matter, motion, time, and space-all the while putting in forty hours a week at the patent office. Well said. But, the best had yet to appear. After achieving a lifetimes work in 1905, Einstein achieved what Thomas Levenson calls a twenty year run at the cutting edge of physics. For all the miracles of his miracle year, his best work is(was) still to come. In 1907, he taught that gravity and acceleration are equivalent. He began to solve the central problems in all of physics in 1911, followed by developing his theories of relativity through the twenties, searching through quantum mechanics for some years, and then developing more theories about dimensions of the universe.(Levenson 4-5) Some of the most influential work of the century, 1915s General Theory of Relativity had taken eight years to complete and was quite a feat. This theory and the accompanying ideas that he proved come close to encompassing the vastness of Einsteins mind. Just think about how revolutionary his ideas were. Albert himself said, Physical Objects are not in space, but these objects are spacially extended. In this way the concept of empty space loses its meaning.(Relativity, vi) This theory was deep! While formulating in 1915, Einstein took his mind to the edge. He wrote a letter telling about his discovery. This month, he wrote to physicist Arnold Sommerfield, I have lived through the most exacting period of my lifeand the most fruitful. Sommerfield was not immediately impressed, a fact which induced Einstein to send him a postcard: You will become convinced of the General T heory of Relativity as soon as you have studied it. Therefore I will not utter a word in its defense.(Clark, 252) Nor was it needed. This principle, which took so long to perfect, was completed in 1915 and states that all matter and energy in the universe mold the shape of space and the flow of time. Its a little deeper than that, but Einstein explains it well in his book Relativity. Although not initially recognized as so, Albert Einstein was perhaps the most intelligent human ever. Finally, Albert Einstein was extremely influential in the research toward Americas (as well as the worlds)nuclear technology, demonstrating his ability as the most influential person of the twentieth century. The aforementioned E=MC2 proved that energy and matter are linked. At first, even Einstein did not understand what he had, but even then he suggests that the heat produced by the element radium could mark the conversion of tiny amounts into energy. (Levenson) This led to the work toward the infamous atomic bomb, making Einstein the father of the most famous weapon in history. Because of his studies and his efforts to make President Roosevelt aware of the potential crisis at hand, Albert Einstein has helped to put America in place as perhaps the greatest and most powerful nation in the world. He is credited with the development of the most powerful energy supply ever. Although mo st notable, Albert himself was not that pleased with the work on the atomic bomb. He took full responsibility for the creation of the effort toward it but absolutely despised the fact that harm could arise. Regardless, Einstein stated, The discovery of nuclear chain reactions need not bring about the destruction of mankind than did the discovery of matches. We only must do everything in our power to safeguard against its abuse.(War/A-Bomb 1) Over a short period of time, Einstein wrote four letters to president Franklin D. Roosevelt regarding the use of atomic energy. The first in this series launched the arms race. It was a warning to president Roosevelt of the possibility of the German government constructing powerful new bombs. Nevertheless, Einstein took full responsibility for its consequences, calling it the greatest mistake of his life.(Elert 1) In his letters to the president, Einstein and his associates wrote out exactly what were the best interests to pursue. Einstein did not want war, he simply thought that his only recourse was to notify the U.S. government of the possibility of producing chain reactions of nuclear energy so that they would have it before Germany did.(Elert 2) In his letters, Einstein states that it is extremely important to pursue the development of radium(element of the atomic bombs) before Germany can.(Clark 678-9) This was due to the fact that the war had already begun and Einstein was trying to ensure that the federal government had the advantage and that some order of peace, if at all possible, would be reached by the efforts of America. Albert Einstein differed from other scientists and professionals because of the incredible importance attached to the philosophical aspect of physics. Through the practical application of his teachings, the world becomes more educated on intelligence and technology. As we look behind at what he achieved and ahead to what his legacy holds for the future, we see the magnitude of this genius of a mans impact upon the twentieth century. Through his immigration and contribution to American science and society, extreme intelligence, and preservation of the United States through intuition in nuclear technology, Albert Einstein was the most influential person of the twentieth century.

Nuclear Plant Safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nuclear Plant Safety - Research Paper Example There are different reasons for the use of nuclear power as energy sources but there are more reasons to stop their operation, if not, reduce their use. This paper will provide a background on the history of the use of nuclear power in the United States. Some incidents that display the disadvantages of nuclear power plants will also be presented. In the end, a conclusion will be provided. The History of Nuclear Power in the United States Oil, natural gas and coal were traditionally used as sources of electricity but the scarcity of these resources has led people to search for other sources. One of the main concerns of the government then was that these scarce resources have become expensive. Furthermore, the use of coal, fossil fuel and oil were reported to emit significant amounts of carbon dioxide, which is a substantial greenhouse gas. Nuclear power was primarily used for weapon production. The atomic bomb was the prime weapon, which makes use of nuclear power. The atomic bomb is integrated in a hydrogen bomb. The hydrogen bomb functions in three distinct stages: first, the atomic bomb explodes through a fission reaction; a second bomb, which is composed of lithium and deuterium undergoes a fusion reaction; then, a third explosion occurs when the uranium component undergoes a fission reaction (Caldicott, 2006). The first casualties of hydrogen bombs were the Japanese. In the Second World War, the United Stated deployed two atomic bombs – one in Hiroshima and the other in Nagasaki. The bombs were reported to have caused the death of more than 200,000 Japanese people (Caldicott, 2006). After the Second World War, other countries were able to produce nuclear bombs. In the end however, countries signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in the hope of disarming all nuclear weapons; whereas nations without nuclear weapons would not be able to develop such weapons (Caldicott, 2006). The treaty is an important agreement to hinder the detrimental and destructive effects of nuclear bombs. Due to the treaty, the use of nuclear power went into a limbo until it was used as a source of electricity. This energy source was believed to be cheaper than other sources such as coal and fossil fuel as it produces higher wattages of electricity. From then on, constructions of reactors continued until 1978. To this day, there are about 112 nuclear plants built within the United States (Greenwald, 1991). Some of these plants have already encountered certain malfunctions. Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plants In March 28, 1979, the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant in Pennsylvania experienced a near meltdown. This was the worst nuclear accident experienced by the United States. â€Å"Scientists determined that a jammed valve had caused cooling water to drain from the reactor core† (Presutti, 2011). As a result, the fuel core became uncovered and then it overheated, causing a partial meltdown. About 120,000 people were evacuated. Fortu nately, only a small amount of radiation was able to escape from the facility. The Reactor that almost resulted to a meltdown was permanently shutdown though a part of TMI nuclear plant is still operating. This incident allowed for a more serious review of the nuclear policies in the United States and also halted the approval of establishments of more nuclear plants (Presutti, 2011). The TMI incident was attributed to lack of training of staff,